Prehistoric populations used resources available in their close and more distant neighbourhood, especially to produce ceramic vessels. To produce the items of symbolic meaning, they used exotic materials, available through trade. Identification of pigments is usually made via visual and empiric methods and comparison. Raman microscopy and UV-Vis FORS spectroscopy can reliably identify the inorganic pigments. The analysis results point to the material resources and, thus, are frequently used in art history and archaeology in the last several decades. That knowledge is a key to illuminating the culture and economy of neolithic cultures of Eastern Croatia. Although ceramic materials are the most numerous representatives of findings, analysis of their material components is still insufficiently investigated. Raman spectroscopy can give answers to many questions regarding the materials used by prehistoric population in their every day life: their identification, origin, applications, but also the new knowledge on the trade with neighbour populations.